[AACS] IUSS Alert 143 (May 2017)
Diego J. Cosentino
cosenti en agro.uba.ar
Mie Mayo 24 10:42:59 ART 2017
Hola,
les reenvío el boletín de la Sociedad Internacional de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Saludos
Diego
-------- Mensaje reenviado --------
Asunto: IUSS Alert 143 (May 2017)
Fecha: Wed, 24 May 2017 13:41:06 +0200
De: The International Union of Soil Sciences - IUSS
<iuss en umweltbundesamt.at>
A: cosenti en agro.uba.ar
The International Union of Soil Sciences - IUSS | IUSS Alert 143 (May 2017)
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the IUSS page <http://iuss.boku.ac.at/index.php?article_id=646>
IUSS Alert 143 (May 2017)
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IUSS News
Preparation of the World Congress of Soil Science 2018
The last months have seen a lot of progress with the preparation of the
scientific programme of the 21st World Congress of Soil Science 2018.
The programme will be available in June 2017. The next steps towards the
Congress taking place from 12 to 17 August 2018 in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, are the following:
- On-line registration and abstract submission open: June 2017
- Deadline for abstract submission: 30/11/2017
- Notification for abstract acceptance: 15/01/2018
- Deadline for early registration: 15/02/2018
- Deadline for regular registration: 12/05/2018
Please take note of these dates in order to submit your contribution and
to register for the congress in time. We are looking forward to seeing
as many of you as possible at the WCSS 2018.
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General News
The marvel of soil biodiversity
In this article, Leo M. Condron explains why the multitude of organisms
actively making up the soil biomass are crucial to the survival and
growth of all plants and animals. Most people are familiar with the
concept of biodiversity. Its health and functional benefits are derived
from the presence of many different plant and animal species in an
environment. Biodiversity ‘hotspots’ support a vast variety of plant and
animal species; an example being a tropical rainforest with up to 80,000
plant, 50,000 insect, 1,500 bird, and 2,000 mammal/amphibian species.
However, the corresponding level of biodiversity present in the
underlying soil environment is much greater than above-ground, with over
100,000 known species of bacteria and fungi, 25,000 species of
nematodes, 40,000 species of mites, and 7,000 species of earthworms.
Read more
<http://blog.globalsoilbiodiversity.org/sites/default/files/The%20Marvel%20of%20Soil%20Biodiversity%20L%20Condron.pdf>
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Cattle-associated antibiotics disturb soil ecosystems
Manure from cattle administered antibiotics drastically changes the
bacterial and fungal make-up of surrounding soil, leading to ecosystem
dysfunction, according to a Virginia Tech research team. The team
analysed soil samples from 11 dairy farms in the United States and found
that the amount of antibiotic resistant genes was 200 times greater in
soil near manure piles compared with soil that wasn’t. Furthermore,
microbes with greater antibiotic resistance showed higher stress levels.
Soil microbial communities are important for sustaining ecosystem
services, such as climate regulation, soil fertility, and food
production. Perturbations, such as antibiotic exposure, can have marked
effects on soil microbes and these services.
Read more
<https://vtnews.vt.edu/articles/2017/03/033017-fralin-manure.html?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=>
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Is soil the great new integrator?
Farmers, researchers and development agencies are all increasing their
focus on soil. Globally, change in the way land is used and managed puts
pressure on soils to do more. Farmers are growing more monoculture
crops; rotating them less; and leaving behind pesticide residues,
polluted waters from fertilizer run off, carbon loss, and depleted
aquifers. For some farmers though, attention to soil has been a business
decision, leading to increased production and yields, and has helped
them withstand weather extremes. In a recent survey, insight from 2,020
farmers from across the United States reflected enthusiasm for cover
crops to help improve soils—for the fourth year in a row—and found a
yield boost in corn and soybeans following cover crops.
Read more
<http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2017/march/is-soil-the-great-new-integrator>
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Monthly and seasonal rainfall erosivity in Europe
The development of the Rainfall Erosivity Database at European Scale
(REDES) and its 2015 update with the extension to monthly component
allowed to develop monthly and seasonal R-factor maps and assess
rainfall erosivity both spatially and temporally. During winter months,
significant rainfall erosivity is present only in part of the
Mediterranean countries. A sudden increase of erosivity occurs in a
major part of the European Union in May and the highest values are
registered during the summer months. Starting from September, the
R-factor has a decreasing trend. The monthly erosivity maps allowed the
development of indicators for studying the intra-annual variability of
erosivity and the concentration of erosive events. Data are available in
ESDAC: 12 monthly R-factor maps, 4 seasonal erosivity maps, Erosivity
ratio, Coefficient of V ariation, Weighted Density, Month with
highest/lowest R-factor.
Read more <http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/themes/monthly-erosivity>
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N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Europe
This dataset is derived from the integration of the LUCAS soil survey
data with the bio-geochemistry process-based model DayCent. The model
was run for more than 11,000 LUCAS sampling points under agricultural
use, assessing also the model uncertainty. Meta-models based on model
outcomes and the Random Forest algorithm were used to upscale the N2O
emissions at 1km resolution. ESDAC makes available a) Average nitrous
oxides emissions: contains the average (2010-2014 time period) emissions
of N2O-N (kg ha-1 yr-1) simulated in soil LUCAS points; b) Nitrous
oxides emissions in agricultural soils of the EU: contains the N2O-N
emissions (kg ha-1 yr-1) at 1 km2 resolution in the EU, obtained by the
meta-model MT1 and MT2.
Read more
<http://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/n2o-emissions-agricultural-soils>
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Soil erosion in Tanzania – in pictures
The Jali Ardhi, or ‘care for the land’ project, studies the impact of
soil erosion on Maasai communities and their grazing lands.
Photojournalist Carey Marks captures the changing landscape, its people
– and the challenges they face.
Read more
<https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2017/may/04/soil-erosion-in-tanzania-in-pictures?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other>
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Why You Need More Dirt in Your Life
Soil helps build up our defences against disease and imparts a sense of
the sacred—and we are killing it.
Read more
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/soil-dirt-ground-beneath-us-bogard/?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_content=link_fb20170501news-booktalk&utm_campaign=Content&sf74976627=1>
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Bricks made of martian soil may be stronger than steel-reinforced
concrete
Even The Martian’s Mark Watney didn’t have this trick up his spacesuit
sleeve. Materials scientists have now created super sturdy bricks, made
of material similar to Martian soil, Newsweek reports. The bricks, which
the researchers say are stronger than steel-reinforced concrete, are the
latest effort to make building blocks from materials readily available
on the Red Planet. Prior attempts required treating martianlike dirt
with heat or chemicals, but the new study, published today in Scientific
Reports, shows that simple pressure can compact small red bricks held
together by iron oxide in the soil. The finding might be too late for
Watney, but maybe not for future Mars-bound travellers.
Read more
<http://www.sciencemag.org/news/sifter/bricks-made-martian-soil-may-be-stronger-steel-reinforced-concrete>
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Lithuanian scientists create innovative technologies for use of
organic lakes sediments
Lithuanian scientists have created and patented innovative technologies
for the use of organic lake sediments – sapropel – in order to create
fertile soil in the desert, and to support recreation of agronomic soil
properties in degraded soil. Using these technologies in desert sand,
the yield was comparable to that of the Nile delta. The effect of these
technologies was tested in Egypt, UAE and Bahrain.
Read more <http://www.iculom.eu>
________________________________________________________________________________
New Editor’s Choice papers in the European Journals of Soil Science
– currently all free to read!
See what Margaret Oliver, Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of
Soil Science, has selected as her current Editor’s Choice: “This is my
latest selection of ‘Editor’s Choice’ papers; I selected them because
the subject matter is unusual and of interest to more readers than
simply those working in the particular field of research. They cover a
range of topics in soil science. Two of the papers are open access,
meaning they are easily accessible to readers.”
Read more
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291365-2389/homepage/EditorsChoice.html>
________________________________________________________________________________
Conferences, Meetings and Workshops
Degradation and Revitalisation of Soil and Landscape
Olomouc, Czech Republic, 11-13 September 2017 (9 and 10 September
pre-conference tours). Conference theme: Degradation causes and
consequences, degradation monitoring and assessment, revitalisation
measures.
New deadlines:
Deadline for *abstract submission: 29.5.2017*
*Registration deadline: 29.5.2017*.
Read more <http://ekologie.upol.cz/v4conference>
________________________________________________________________________________
New publications
Mires and peatlands of Europe. Status, distribution and conservation
Joosten/Tanneberger/Moen (eds.). Published in 2017 by Schweizerbart
Science Publishers, 780 pages, 129 figures, 161 tables, ISBN
978-3-510-65383-6, price hardcover 94.00 €.
This book provides the first comprehensive and up-to-date overview of
mires and peatlands in biogeographic Europe. Written by 134 mire
specialists, the book describes mire and peatland types, terms, extent,
distribution, use, conservation, and restoration, individually for each
European country and in an integrated manner for the entire continent.
Complemented by a multitude of maps and photographs, the book offers an
impressive and colourful journey, full of surprising historical context
and fascinating details, while appreciating the core principles and
unifying concepts of mire science.
Read more <http://schweizerbart.com/9783510653836>
________________________________________________________________________________
Multifunctional Land-Use Systems for Managing the Nexus of
Environmental Resources
By Zhang, Lulu, Schwärzel, Kai (Eds.), 1st ed. 2017 by Springer, 148
pages, 34 illus., 31 illus. in colour. ISBN 978-3-319-54957-6, price
hardcover 86,99 € | £64.99 | $99.00.
This book comprehensively describes the major ecosystem services in
dryland environments that are provided by typical land use, including
forestland, grassland and farmland, using the Loess Plateau, Northwest
China as an example. It offers extensive information on land policy,
implementation and scientific evidence, and discusses the restoration of
the degraded Loess Plateau environment, which that brings new challenges
in the sustainable use of natural resources, in particular soil and water.
Read more
<http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319549569#otherversion=9783319549576http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319549569>
________________________________________________________________________________
The Ground Beneath Us: From the Oldest Cities to the Last
Wilderness, What Dirt Tells Us About Who We Are
By Paul Bogard. Published March 21, 2017 by Little Brown and Company.
336 pages. ISBN 316342262 (ISBN-13: 978-0316342261), price USD 17.49.
When a teaspoon of soil contains millions of species, and when we pave
over the Earth on a daily basis, what does that mean for our future?
What is the risk to our food supply, the planet’s wildlife, the soil on
which every life-form depends? How much undeveloped, untrodden ground do
we even have left? From New York (where more than 118,000,000 tons of
human development rest on top of Manhattan Island) to Mexico City (which
sinks inches each year into the Aztec ruins beneath it), Paul Bogard
shows us the weight of our cities’ footprints.
Read more
<http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29977072-the-ground-beneath-us>
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Special issue on digital soil mapping across the world
Geoderma Regional has just published a special issue on digital soil
mapping across the world (Vol. 9). The issue edited by Dominique
Arrouays and Philippe Lagacherie contains papers from Scotland, Chile,
Madagascar, France, Brazil, India, and Belgium. These papers illustrate
the advances in digital soil mapping, highlight the complexity of sparse
data sets, but produce results using the best available data. They can
be used for a wide range of purposes including a call for re-investment
in soil mapping as well as the need for new soil data collection.
Read more <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/23520094/9>
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Springer Nature groundbreaking collection ‘Change the World’
The paper “Molecular microbiology methods for environmental diagnosis”
by soil microbiologists has been nominated by Springer Nature among 180
scientific findings of the year 2016 that could help change the world.
This paper highlights how several molecular techniques can now be used
to detect, quantify or characterize a microbial community, population,
species, function or functional group in a precise and robust manner.
New methods have for the first time made it possible to map the
bacterial diversity of soils at a national scale.
Read more
<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-016-0581-3?wt_mc=Other.Other.2.CON417ctw_2017_a32>
Read more
<http://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/change-the-world?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=Other&utm_campaign=ctw_2017_email_launch>
________________________________________________________________________________
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